
Artificial intelligence and big data have changed the world in an unprecedented way. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology will be encompassed in the next wave of artificial intelligence and data science to create new digital health solutions for mental health and brain disorders.
Stroke is the top cause of long-term disability in Singapore (63% of stroke patients have some disability at three months) and the burden of stroke is expected to increase dramatically owing to Singapore’s rapidly ageing population and stroke risk factors. Current gold-standard interventions for stroke are either drug-based or therapies limited by the target functionalities. State-of-the-art research on BCI-based stroke rehabilitation and cognitive training primarily focus on upper limb rehabilitation and motor function only. Little research has been done in incorporating motor, cognition, and emotion training in an integrated solution for treating brain and boost the patient outcome.
In this programme, we propose to develop a digital healthtech solution to address the healthcare challenges: Next-Generation Brain-Computer-Brain Platform – A Holistic Solution for the Restoration & Enhancement of Brain Functions (NOURISH). The NOURISH programme proposes to develop the best-in-class, holistic solution for the restoration and enhancement of motor, cognitive and emotional functions in one system. The NOURISH platform would offer a non-drug based, cost-effective and clinically feasible solution for effective stroke rehabilitation and mood therapy.
The programme will capitalize on powerful and advanced machine learning algorithms including deep learning, deep transfer learning and deep reinforcement learning for source-space, multi-view and multimodal brain state decoding as well as neuroimaging-based intervention efficacy prediction and monitoring.
The integrated BCB features AI-powered digital health technology for high-resolution brain signal decoding, intelligent neurofeedback and personalized treatment. It would be clinically validated for stroke therapy and can be extended to other use-cases including mental health and brain training. We anticipate that the research outcomes from this project will generate significant scientific, societal and potentially economic impact.

The programme is organized into 3 Work Packages (WPs) namely (1) Motor, Cognitive and Affect Brain-Computer- Brain (BCB) systems (2) Unified BCB platform for ML and Data Analytics (3) Clinical validation and optimization. The WPs collectively work towards the goal of the development of optimal deep-learning (DL) and AI-powered digital health technology to decode multiple brain states and to uncover neurological mechanisms of recovery.
WP1leads the development of proposed therapy systems that encompass multiple domains of brain functionality, namely, upper extremity (UE), fingers, and lower extremity (LE) motor, cognition, and affect. This WP also studies the impact of multimodal feedback, including VR, mechanical, and electrical stimulation in the therapy.
WP2is the key data processing and technology platform development WP. The technical innovations include the extensive application of deep learning including deep reinforcement learning, generative adversarial networks, deep transfer learning, deep source space representation learning, multi-view and multimodal brain state decoding with the collective goal of accurate decoding of multiple brain states and interpretable network representations of brain activity. The reasearchalso introduces a secure data management and analysis framework for clinical data powered by federated machine learning to enable multi-domain data analysis as well as multi-view transfer learning for stratification and personalization of treatment plans. WP2 also conducts systematic evaluation of motivation factors that facilitate the BCB therapy.
WP3, the clinical work package, leads the proposed clinical trials that comprise of extensive longitudinal study multimodal assessment protocol involving various demographic, clinical and neurological variables to achieve an all-inclusive holistic understanding of the brain as well as validation of BCB in LE motor, cognition and integrated therapy. WP3 also leads research to optimize the clinical trials (dosage and combination of therapies) based on the Curate.AI method.







Research outcomes achieved are highest results reported in Motor Imagery classification, Cognition and Emotion Recognition and are significantly higher than the performance reported in state-of-the-art approaches
Upper Limb Motor classification
Lower Limb motor decoding
Cognitive state classification
Emotion recognition
Gait Patterns Prediction from EEG
Objective is to develop a BCI to continuously predict gait patterns directly from EEG signals. A model that offers robust prediction is trained using EEG and 6 goniometers. A clinical study to perform longitudinal multimodal profiling of gait in stroke using EEG and lower limb sensors is in progress.
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